4 research outputs found
Adaptive Algorithms and Collusion via Coupling
We develop a theoretical model to study strategic interactions between
adaptive learning algorithms. Applying continuous-time techniques, we uncover
the mechanism responsible for collusion between Artificial Intelligence
algorithms documented by recent experimental evidence. We show that spontaneous
coupling between the algorithms' estimates leads to periodic coordination on
actions that are more profitable than static Nash equilibria. We provide a
sufficient condition under which this coupling is guaranteed to disappear, and
algorithms learn to play undominated strategies. We apply our results to
interpret and complement experimental findings in the literature and to the
design of learning-robust strategy-proof mechanisms. We show that ex-post
feedback provision guarantees robustness to the presence of learning agents. We
fully characterize the optimal learning-robust mechanisms: they are menu
mechanisms.Comment: 57 pages, 13 figure
Aromatic Plants: use and nutraceutical properties
In the last years it has progressively been observed a substantial increase in the use of aromatic herbs and essential oils. Mediterranean area represents a particular environment in which many constraint factors (high light, temperature, drought, salinity, air pollution, etc.) induce a wide range of secondary metabolites in plants. These compounds can be useful utilized by humans for different applications: antibiotics, antimycotic, animal nutrition, cosmetics, food additives, biorepellents, etc. This paper reviews the literature on recent agro-industrial applications of Mediterranean plant species and medicinal plants used for the treatment of infectious diseases. The review includes accounts of extracts, essential oils and other active principles isolated from plants that have been used by folk medicine as antimicrobial agents. The name and part of the studied plants, spectrum of activity, type of active compounds and methods used are discussed and their mechanisms of action as well